Understand Your LAN and Explain OSI Model Assignment - Understand Your Local Area Network at Home Objectives Identify network topology Explain network model Questions If you have a local area network (LAN) at home, discuss which topology (e.g., ring, bus, star) you use. You can draw a diagram if you want. If you don’t have a LAN, then discuss how you connect to the Internet (3 points) Use your own words to describe briefly the functions of 7 layers for OSI model. (7 points)

 OSI MODEL:

With reference to OSI MODEL, which stands for Open System Interconnection it is a 7-Layer model that helps a system to communicate over a network. As in the modern period, the OSI model was not in use we are using the TCP/IP model in daily to daily life.

OSI Model was not practically possible and wasn't accepted because of protocol suite incompatibility.
For Humans, we understand that Information passes through one network to another but in reality, the background process is that information passed through all seven layers.
Here are the 7-Layers of OSI MODEL

Question:-) If you have a local area network (LAN) at home, discuss which topology (e.g., ring, bus, star) you use. You can draw a diagram if you want. If you don’t have a LAN, then discuss how you connect to the Internet

Answer:- In-home or other small business networks here is a very popular topology used which is known as Star Topology This is also known as Spanning tree. As in this Topology, it uses an Ethernet connection which is very popular for home networks. Star networks using Ethernet look like a Star with a center and several "spokes". Reaching out from the center to the different PCs on the network.

Refer to the below Image.

Functions OF 7- Layers OSI Model

Physical Layer

• It enables bit synchronizations using a clock that controls both sender and receiver.
• It also controls the transmission rate or several bits sent per second.
• This layer decides the ideal topology type for node arrangement in a network.
• It decides the transmission mode between the devices.
• The physical consist of – Hub, Repeater, Modem, and Cables.

Data Link Layer

• It adds the physical addresses of both sender and receiver in every frame.
• This layer controls error by detecting and retransmitting frames.
• It controls the flow by calculating the amount of data before receiving it.
• It determines the extent of control devices have in a given time.
• Network Interface Card handles this layer using devices like switch & bridge.

Network Layer

• It formulates a connection between different devices in a layer.
• This layer follows an addressing scheme to find the correct IP address universally.
• It breaks information into packets using internet protocol.

Transport Layer

• It follows a service point address to deliver the message to the correct process.
• This layer provides a connection-oriented service by establishing a connection, transferring data, and terminating the process. It is secure as the sender receives an acknowledgment of data delivery.
• It also provides a connectionless service by using data transfer. The receiver doesn’t get an acknowledged receipt but the process is faster.

Session Layer

• The layer can easily process the establishment, use, and termination of a connection.
• It adds checkpoints as synchronizations points into the data for identifying the error easily and avoiding data loss.
• Two systems can also interact with each other in half-duplex or full-duplex.

Presentation Layer

• It allows the translation of operating languages. For example, translation of ASCII to EBCDIC.
• This layer encrypts data into a code as cipher-text and decrypts data back into plain text. It is done by using a key value.
• It compresses data and reduces bits needed for network transmission.

Application Layer

• File management by allowing users to access, retrieve and manage the files on a remote computer.
• Allows users to go ahead with email forwarding and storage.
• Provides distributed database sources and global information about several objects.